Bee Space
One of the most interesting aspects of beekeeping is exploring the behaviors and construction techniques bees use to create a home. The concept of “bee space” is one. With near precision, honey bees naturally maintain a uniform spacing between combs in the hive. Typically measuring about 3/8″, this space is critically important in managing hives. In this post, we will explore bee space and explain why it is necessary for beekeepers to adhere to the plans set forth by the bees.

In my beekeeping experience, seeing sheets of freshly built comb seem almost magical. And, they don’t need a ruler! When you look inside a beehive of any type – you will see the beautiful structure they create.
What is Bee Space?
Bee space refers to the distance that honey bees naturally maintain between combs – and between the combs and other surfaces inside the hive.
The measurement most often given to this space is 3/8″ (3/8 inch – 9.5mm). There can be some slight variation.
Bee space represents a balance between in the hive. Honey bees desire to make the most effect use of space (bees do use space saving hexagon wax cells). They also need to be able to move freely over and around the sheets of comb.

Science Behind the Concept
This spacing serves as more than just a “road” for bees to travel around the hive interior. It minimizes gaps that could make temperature regulation inside the hive more difficult.
If a space in the hive is less than 1/4″ (1/4 inch), bees are likely to fill it with propolis (bee glue) to seal the gap. This creates a barrier to keep out drafts and some pests.
If the gap is larger than 3/8″ (3/8 inch) bees will often build additional comb in the opening.
Discovery of Bee Space-Transformed Hive Design
This uniform spacing had been noticed by researchers for years. But, it was Lorenzo Langstroth who got the credit for its discovery. This famous beekeeper designed a hive that lead to a revolutionary advancement in beekeeping.
The dimensions of the Langstroth hive allowed removeable frames that would keep a 3/8″ spacing between the sheets of comb and the hive walls. This allowed beekeepers to manage hives and do complete inspections without having to destroy comb.

Role of Frame Spacing
Becoming the foundation of modern beekeeping, the removable frames were built to maintain bee space on all sides. Frames are designed to fit tightly inside the hive. They should be pushed together with any left over space balanced on the sides of the box.
Properly installed frames allow beekeepers to manipulate the hive with minimal disturbance to the colony. Bee space is also considered in the building of extra honey supers or hive boxes placed on the hive.
Alternative Hive Designs
While the Lang (Langstroth) hive is deemed to the best type of beehive for most beginners, other hives also incorporate the principle of bee space in their design. Any frames, top bars or box design considers the 3/8″ measurement.

Challenges Due to Improper Spacing
It is not uncommon to find beekeepers facing challenges with bee space issues. Sloppy equipment building or mistakes beekeepers make during hive management can create a sticky mess that you have to clean up.
If you have the desire and skill to build your own beehive, it is crucial to pay close attention to measurements. Use good beehive plans and follow the directions. Yes, a mistake of 1/2″ can be a problem.
Another common problem is accidentally leaving out a frame from your hive box. This is not unusual during the excitement of someone just getting started in beekeeping. But, it creates a mess.
The bees will fill any empty space with comb. This burr comb must be scraped off and corrected or you will have continual trouble. Excess comb between the boxes makes them more difficult to remove.
Benefits of Proper Bee Spacing
There are many benefits to having proper bee spacing in your hives. It is better for you and the colony.
- reduces hive damage during inspection – less stress for bees
- allows bees to move around the hive without impediment
- aids colony in maintaining proper temperature and humidity with good ventilation
- allows bees to express their natural behavior in comb construction
A Final Word
If you wish to be successful in beekeeping, understanding and respecting bee space is a must. If you fail to do so – the bees will let you know that you have made a mistake. By adhering to this principle, beekeepers can help foster a thriving, productive colony that reflects the bees’ own efficient design.