DIY Candy Board for Bees: No Cook

One technique that beekeepers use to help their colonies through Winter is making a candy board for bees. For colonies that are low on stored food – this can be a life saver. In this guide, I outline one simple technique to create a candy board for a hive that does not require cooking.

Making sure your hives are ready for Winter is one of the most important tasks for beekeepers. When it comes to stored food, the goal is for each hive to have plenty of their own honey to eat during the cold months. But, that does not always happen. 

In most cases, feeding bees in Winter can be a bit tricky. Liquid food is not the best option. With this type of hard sugar, the bees have access to a concentrated energy source.

Role of Candy Boards in Beekeeping

Winter is a difficult time for honey bee colonies. In fact, having bee colonies die in Winter is all to common in beekeeping. It is not always due to lack of food – but that is one thing we can control a bit.

Ideally, good hives store enough honey for survival during the cold months. But, this does not always happen.

There are many reasons bees may not make honey – or enough of it. Using fondant or candy boards on your beehives adds just a bit of insurance.

Advantages

There are several advantages to this feeding method.

• food source located near bee cluster
• less waste

One of the main benefits is using candy boards on beehives is that they are located inside the hive. This means that the bees will be able to access the sugar regardless of the weather outside.

On warmish Winter days, the honey bees can break cluster and feed. As the season wears on, the whole cluster may work it’s way up to be living directly underneath the candy.

Feeding regular sugar is another option for in-hive feeding. However, bees sometimes do not recognize dry sugar as food and throw it out of the hive. Firm sugar is not as likely to be removed by worker bees involved in house cleaning.

Materials

A candy board does not have to be elaborate. Mine are not and yes they are ugly but they work great. This process involves two different parts:

• make a frame to hold the candy
• make a recipe for hardened sugar

1. Create a Hive Shim or Form

When placing a thicker slab of sugar in the hive, you need a form or shim. Bee suppliers have special forms to purchase that can be used as candy boards. 

Of course, you can make your own from materials you already have on hand. Some beekeepers even take old hive bodies or shallow beehive boxes to create a shim to hold candy. They are already the correct width and length to fit the dimensions of a Langstroth hive.

They cut the height of the box down to a height of about 2″ and nail wire across the bottom. This is a slightly larger mesh than screen used for screened bottom boards (though you could use that.)

This is a great way to save some money – the costs of beekeeping can get expensive.

With reduced hand strength, my biggest frustration was getting the wire to bend and behave. It does not have to look pretty. But, when added to the hive, all the boxes must fit together allowing the hive to be closed.

2. Hard Sugar Recipe

Some recipes for making sugar or fondant get really involved – that doesn’t have to be. This simple recipe is so easy it really shouldn’t be called a recipe. You only need a few items.

• granular cane sugar
• water
• pollen substitute (optional)

Adding Pollen Substitute to Candy Boards?

You can add pollen substitute to your candy board recipe. Personally, I prefer to add a small pollen patty mix in one area of the board. 

This allows the bees to choose whether they want the protein or not. You do not have to add pollen substitute.

In fact, some years I do not add it. I had rather make pollen patties for use in late Winter/early Spring. You will see some images with and without protein.

Assemble the Homemade Candy Board

In addition to being a “cheap” method, one of the best things is that you can use these year after year. They are only on the hive for the Winter months – mine are still going strong at year 5.

Prepare the Form

This is a very easy and somewhat fun beekeeper task. However, it is messy! Don’t try it in your kitchen if you have any other possibilities.

Even with plastic trash bags under the trays – I feel gritty sugar on the floor of the honey house for a while.

Adding Sugar Mixture

You do not have to place a layer of newspaper in the form before adding sugar but I often do. It just makes things easier.

Also, you don’t have to fill up every inch of the board (though it is great to do so – especially if you know your climate requires a lot of food.)

I often use a cup or funnel to create a useful center hole in my candy board. This aids in air flow (it will be removed of course once the sugar has been added.)

It works well to use something to press the sugar down in the board, this helps it hold together. Use your hands or sometimes, I use a spatula.

It is not necessary to fill the entire depth (thickness) of the form with sugar-unless you live in a region with long bitter Winters and know you need thick candy. Spreading the sugar mixture out over the frame is best as it allows more access for the bees.

Let Dry

Once your DIY candy board frame is filled with sugar, it needs to sit and dry for a few days. If the weather is damp, I might run my dehumidifier to help that process along.

After 24 hours, you might prop the bottom of the forms up off the plastic sheeting just a bit to encourage the bottom to dry faster.

This does not form a rock hard sheet of candy but rather a firm candy board that should allow you to get it to the hive in one piece if handled correctly.

How to Use Your Candy Board on the Hive

The style of candy board you choose to make will determine whether or not you also need to leave an inner cover in place. In most cases, the candy board will sit directly on top of the upper most box of the hive. 

So, if you have a hive with 1 deep and a medium (or shallow) – the candy board goes next. I normally add the inner cover on top of the candy board and then close the hive with the telescoping top.

With this setup, the sugar is directly over the bees and the inner cover on top still provides some insulation and ventilation for the hive. My boards are often empty by Spring.

Expert Tips

Here are some useful tips I have found out from years of experience in the bee yard:

• it is important to spread the sugar over a wide area across the form – we don’t know exactly where the cluster will be
• make sure there are no large gaps between any of the boxes. The colony will close small cracks with bee propolis to keep out drafts. But, large gaps will be detrimental to the overall condition of the colony
• don’t worry if the sugar is a bit wet when first placed in the form – it will dry over a few days
• Be sure to remove the candy board once warm weather arrives and natural nectar is available. The bees will move up into the area and build burr comb – you have been warned 🙂

FAQs

Final Thoughts

Is this something that every beekeeper must do? Of course not. Many of colonies get through Winter just fine. However, for beekeepers who want to take the time, this extra insurance is useful for some hives. Thankfully, this is a once a year chore that may be the difference between a live colony or a dead hive to clean up come Spring.