What Is A Beehive?

What is a beehive? It is the place a honey bee colony calls home. They may occupy a man-made wooden box, an empty hollow log or other enclosed structure. The ability of bees to find new places to build their hives is truly fascinating. If conditions change or the colony outgrows their current location, they will search out a new hive to call home.

In the wild, honey bees create natural hives in locations that they feel are a good fit. And, even though we will never truly domesticate them – beekeepers build hives for their colonies in a variety of styles.

A Home for Honey Bees

Specific images may come to mind when you think of a beehive? In the largest definition, beehives are either natural or domestic.

The term “beehive” usually refers to the physical structure a colony lives in. Perhaps, you may buy a beehive – referring to a physical box – like a Langstroth hive built to a standard size.

But sometimes, people use the word beehive to refer to the group of bees that live in a hive – also known as a colony. In this case, you purchase a hive of bees – that may or may not include the physical box.

For the educator or true bee enthusiast, a glass- walled observation hive can serve as a temporary home for the colony.

Not All Honey Bees Use Hives

Not all bees live in cavities or hollow spaces. In some parts of the world, there are species of honey bees that build open nests instead. This is especially true of some of the Asian honey bee species (Apis dorsata and Apis laboriosa).

Apis Mellifera

The species of honey bee in the United States is Apis mellifera – the European Honey Bee (also Western Honey Bee).

Members of this classification build their honey bee nest in an enclosed cavity. This helps them control the heat and humidity while rearing young.

It also aids in protection of the comb, stored food and the area with young bee brood. Exposed comb could allow damage due to bad weather. And, many honey bee predators would be very happy to attack the hive.

A simple view from the outside of a beehive gives no indication of the magic happening inside. In fact, during Winter the hive may seem dead – but the colony is snuggled inside the beehive.

With enough stored food and good health – a honey bee colony can hunker down and live out the cold months until Spring arrives again.

Of course not every hive member makes it to next year, the lifespan of bees varies due to many conditions. But, hopefully some members of the colony survive to carry on the legacy.

Where Do You Find Beehives?

In years past, it was common to find honey bees that have created a beehive in a hollow tree. When a colony lives in a tree, beekeepers in my region of the country call it a bee tree.

In days past, beekeepers would cut out the section of log where the nest was located. After sitting the log on a base and adding a top it was called a “bee gum”. Some of the older beekeepers in the area still refer to all modern beehives as “gums”.

Natural beehives might live in the wild for years and years. Of course, this was more likely before the influx of a honey bee pest known as Varroa Mites.

Mites wiped out most of the feral bee population several years ago. It is still possible to find a bee tree these days, but they are not as common as before.

Also, without a beekeeper that knows when to perform mite treatments – most wild colonies die in a few years.

Not Honey Bees

Not every type of bee that builds a nest in a tree is making a true beehive. Hornet nests are often confused as honey bee hives. They are not – do not try to collect any honey from a hornet nest!

These insect predators serve a useful purpose by catching spiders and other pests. But, they have a nasty temper – stay away. They build a new nest each year and do not overwinter like a honey bee colony.

While it is not impossible, it is very uncommon to find honey bees nesting in the ground. There are many species of bees that live in the ground.

However, the most common one confused with honey bees is a member of the wasp family called – Yellow Jackets. Many homeowners put out the yellow jacket traps to reduce the number near their home.

Yellow Jackets and honey bees share some common characteristics but they are very different. This is another type of nest that you should stay away from as the inhabitants are know for nasty personalities.

Honey Bee Hives in Trees

What about those colonies of honey bees that build in the trees? Some do find an inner cavity to set up housekeeping – it is their natural habitation form.

But, you may find bees on sheets of exposed honeycomb just hanging from a limb. Is this a bee hive? Perhaps not – likely you are seeing a bee swarm. They will eventually move on to a better location.

However, sometimes swarms get stuck and can’t decide where to go next. Those homeless bees that build comb on exposed tree limbs will eventually freeze to death in cold climates. They can not survive the Winter weather. Can a local beekeeping association for help.

Will Beehives in Trees go Away?

In general – no. It is possible that a colony located in a tree cavity will eventually die out due to disease. But, they sometimes live there for years.

However, sometimes you might see what you think is a beehive in a tree – but it is only a round swarm of bees – resting before moving to a new location.

Beehives in Unfortunate Places

Sometimes bees move into structures that conflict with the desires of humans. Homeowners do not like to find a honey bee hive living in the walls of their home.

A good reason to caulk any openings to the outside. Removing honey bees from structures is rather expensive.

Or a colony may move into an empty wood pile or a small plastic utility box. Even an unused gas grill can be home to a colony of honey bees.

None of these situations are ideal – for the bees or the homeowner. It is especially risky for people liking in areas known to have “killer bees”.

This race of bees known as Africanized Honey Bees prefer some of these unusual locations-such as water meters. If you suspect you have Africanized Bees, call a professional for removal – they can be dangerous.

Manmade Beehives

Beyond natural hive locations, there is another common type of bee home. This is a man-made box used by beekeepers. Modern beehives have many parts – this makes managing the colony easier for the beekeeper.

The colony has room to raise young and store food. The top boxes of a hive stack may contain excess honey for the beekeeper. These beekeeping supers are often called honey supers.

There are several different types of beehives and their configuration varies (number of boxes uses etc). The most common is the Langstroth hive developed in 1851. It is a favorite of beginner beekeepers.

This hive design features honeycomb held in removable wooden frames. Using the principle of bee space, the design revolutionized beekeeping.

Bee space (commonly referred to as 3/8”) is the space that bees will naturally leave between sheets of honeycomb.

The Langstroth hive boxes and frames were build to specifications that reduced burr comb or bridge comb construction. This made it much easier to check the colony without killing bees.

Those of you wishing to build a hive of your own will want to acquire hive plans or blueprints with the right measurements.

For ease of management, the beekeeper usually keeps multiple hives in one central location. The term apiary is used to describe the bee yard.

Having the hives closer together makes for more efficient bee management. However, placing many hives together increases competition for foraging. We don’t want to place too many colonies in one location.

What Is a Beehive Made Of?

The beehive consists of an outside physical structure that encloses the nest. This material may be a tree trunk, pine wood or even plastic. The covering protects the resources and colony members.

Now for the true heart of the hive. Sheets of honeycomb that contain thousands of individual wax cells. Think of them as rooms in a house – bees use the spaces.

These hexagon wax cells, are built by worker bees. Building comb requires a large population of young bees and a lot of food to fuel the workers. But, this work is necessary.

The colony could not survive without the honeycomb sheets that serve as storage. Worker bees gather nectar and bring it back to the hive. These bees make honey to be used over Winter.

Also, pollen is converted to bee bread and stored until it is needed by the colony. But, it is not just food that you find here.

Some cells are also used to hold developing babies called “brood”. In honey bees, the queen lays eggs – one in each cell. After a few days, bee larvae emerge from the egg.

Nurse bees (worker females) begin the job of feeding the young. These resources represent the future of the entire colony.

To make the beehive draft free and clean, the interior is coated with sticky bee propolis. Propolis is a mixture of plant resins, beeswax and saliva that has anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.

An excess of propolis makes hive inspections more difficult for beekeepers. The boxes and frames will seem to be glued together. However, it is thought that more propolis may mean healthier bees.

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